De\u011ferli ta\u015f ve madenlerin i\u015flenip sanat \u015faheserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir sanat ve zanaat dal\u0131 olarak kuyumculuk, bu topraklara y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 usta sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n ellerinde \u00f6nemli merhaleler kat etmi\u015f, sanat tarihinin birbirinden nezih onlarca eserinin g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na vesile olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dilindeki ba\u011flam\u0131ndan daha geni\u015f bir anlam alan\u0131na sahip olan sarrafl\u0131k (frs. zerraf) ise Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi iktisat, ekonomi, maliye, muhasebe ve finans tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in birincil derecede ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131ndan birisidir zira modern bankalar\u0131n ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda aktif olarak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde b\u00fct\u00fcn ekonomi ve para trafi\u011fi sarraflar eliyle ve onlar\u0131n \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi sarrafl\u0131k mesle\u011finin tarihinin ise birka\u00e7 makale ve kitap m\u00fcstesna olmak \u00fczere hakk\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p bu meslek erbab\u0131 ve sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm vecheleriyle ortaya konuldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek ne yaz\u0131k ki m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Zira hemen hemen t\u00fcm klasik sanat dallar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi bu sanat\u0131 icra eden sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n mesleklerine dair birikimlerini kendinden sonra gelen ku\u015faklara \u00e7o\u011funlukla usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde aktard\u0131klar\u0131, bunun yan\u0131nda mesleklerine dair bilgi birikimlerini sistematik bi\u00e7imde bir yerlere kaydetmedikleri de yine malumdur. bu sebeple sarrafl\u0131k mesle\u011fine dair her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tarihsel kayd\u0131n g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 elzemdir ve dahi bu sanat dal\u0131na dair bilgi birikimine ve literat\u00fcre \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar yapaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u015fikard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Para tarihi konusunda \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara imza atan C\u00fcneyt \u00d6l\u00e7er’le birlikte uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve sarrafl\u0131k mesle\u011fi ile darphane-i \u00e2mire konusunda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bilgi, belge, dok\u00fcman ve koleksiyonluk malzemeyi derleyen Garo K\u00fcrkman’\u0131n “Osmanl\u0131 Saray Kuyumcular\u0131 (1853-1871)” isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, bir \u00f6mre yay\u0131lan ilgi, dikkat, merak ve \u00f6zverili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n mahsul\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Darphane-i \u00c2mire’nin binalar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda tesad\u00fcfen kurtar\u0131lan bir defterden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak olu\u015fturulan bu eser, osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi sarrafl\u0131k mesle\u011fine dair uzun metrajl\u0131 ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck metin yay\u0131n\u0131 olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Zira osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi sarraflar\u0131na dair biyografik bilgi ve malumat az oldu\u011fu gibi, mesle\u011fe dair terim, kavram ve \u0131st\u0131lahlar\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya konulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse kitab\u0131n ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurdu\u011fu daha da iyi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kitaptan, Osmanl\u0131 Darphanesi’nde, osmanl\u0131 darphane muhasebesi sistemine uygun kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Sult\u00e2n Abd\u00fclmecid (1839-1861), Sult\u00e2n Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez (1861-1876), Sult\u00e2n V. Murad (1876) ve Sult\u00e2n II. Abd\u00fclhamid’in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131 (1883)’na kadar, Ermeni harfli baz\u0131 m\u00fcfredat defterlerinin de ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcne tutuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakta. Keza bu defter de maalesef g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze pek \u00e7o\u011fu ula\u015famayan o defterlerden birisi, belki de yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetiyle en \u015fansl\u0131s\u0131. Darphane’de kuyumcu odas\u0131 olarak bilinen \u00f6zel bir birimde g\u00f6rev yapan usta sanatk\u00e2r sarraflar taraf\u0131ndan tutulan bu kay\u0131tlarda, padi\u015fah ve saray \u00e7evresi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nde gelen pek \u00e7ok devlet adam\u0131na yap\u0131lan \u00f6zel tasar\u0131m ziynet ve s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, madalya ve ni\u015fanlar, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar, bilezik, kolye, k\u00fcnye ve s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131; ayr\u0131ca yine alt\u0131ndan mamul veya alt\u0131nla m\u00fczeyyen dekoratif malzemelerin imaline dair detayl\u0131 bilgiler bulunmakta. ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm bu sanat eserlerinde zaman i\u00e7inde meydana gelen a\u015f\u0131nma, tahribat ve hasarlara dair tamir kay\u0131tlar\u0131 da mevcut (s.35-45).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca kitab\u0131n 45-49. sahifeleri aras\u0131nda bulunan metinden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak geli\u015ftirilen kuyumculu\u011fa dair imalat defteri s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de yine mevcut literat\u00fcr bilgisini bir ad\u0131m daha ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek detayl\u0131 bilgileri bar\u0131nd\u0131rmakta. Metinde ge\u00e7en sanat eserlerinin g\u00f6rsellerinin de kitab\u0131n i\u00e7ine sanatk\u00e2rane bir \u00fcslupla yerle\u015ftirilmesi, klasik bir eski metin yay\u0131n\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok kez kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ve okunurlu\u011fu zorla\u015ft\u0131ran kuru yeknesakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da k\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, metni zevkle okunacak bir hale getirmi\u015f. Yine kitab\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki (s. 462-267) Ermenice-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-\u0130ngilizce ba\u011flamsal s\u00f6zl\u00fck de kitab\u0131 kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir hale getirmesinin yan\u0131nda, kendinden \u00f6nce bu konularda emek verenlere sel\u00e2m niteli\u011finde olup, kendinden sonra yaz\u0131lacak metinlere de ufuk a\u00e7an bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sergilemekte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130yi alt\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri nas\u0131l ki usta sarraflarca anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bu kitab\u0131n de\u011feri de k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde merakl\u0131 okurlar, alan\u0131n ilgilileri, tarih\u00e7iler, sanat tarihi uzmanlar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr sanat \u00e7evreleri taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lacak; kitap koleksiyonerlerin raflar\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez magnum-corpus<\/em> eserlerinden birisi olarak yerini alacakt\u0131r. ilerleyen zamanlarda bu prestij bask\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda daha ekonomik bir bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kitab\u0131 daha ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek de yerinde olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Garo K\u00fcrkman ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere kitapta eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en herkese tebrik ve te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimi sunuyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Umut SOYSAL*<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130stanbul 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n * TC. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, D\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkiler ve Tan\u0131t\u0131m Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u0130stanbul 2020<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" De\u011ferli ta\u015f ve madenlerin i\u015flenip sanat \u015faheserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir sanat ve zanaat dal\u0131 olarak kuyumculuk, bu topraklara y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 usta sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n ellerinde \u00f6nemli merhaleler kat etmi\u015f, sanat tarihinin birbirinden nezih onlarca eserinin g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na vesile olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dilindeki ba\u011flam\u0131ndan daha geni\u015f bir anlam alan\u0131na sahip olan sarrafl\u0131k (frs. zerraf) ise Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,11],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-review","category-turkce","tag-jewelers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=204"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":205,"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions\/205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kurkman.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}